How to Increase Arrow Penetration from a Low-Poundage Bow
Many lightweight compounds can be lethal on deer-sized game, but a few tweaks to the setup maximize the odds
There was a time in the not too distant past when most states required a legal minimum draw weight for bowhunting, usually 40 or 45 pounds. That requirement was based on the capabilities of the recurves and longbows that most bowhunters used in those days, before modern compound bows became popular.
Although a few states maintain minimum draw weight restrictions in their regulations, most have dropped them due to the much-improved effectiveness and efficiency of modern bowhunting equipment. With a comparable draw length, a 30-pound compound bow of today is a speed demon compared to a 40-pound recurve. Still, due to weaker “ballistics,” bowhunters who are using lightweight setups should make some adjustments to both their equipment and tactics to ensure they get adequate penetration on big game animals. Here are a few ways to do just that.
CHOOSE A HEAVIER ARROW
Many traditional bowhunters think nothing of using a 600- to 700-grain finished arrow because the added weight helps create more momentum for greater penetration. Meanwhile, many compound bow hunters often lighten their arrows to increase speed. But to ensure good penetration, hunters using lightweight setups will benefit by taking a cue from trad bow hunters and choosing a heavier shaft. Opting for an arrow that weighs 10 grains per inch as opposed to 7, for example, will add about 72 grains of extra weight to a 24-inch arrow finished arrow.
GO WITH A SMALL DIAMETER
Carbon hunting arrows typically come in a few standard diameters, from 6.5 mm down to 4mm. Although larger diameter arrows will work just fine and are often less expensive, smaller-diameter arrows impart less drag and typically penetrate better. Consider investing in a dozen of them.
CHECK THE SPINE
Many bowhunters overlook the importance of correctly spined arrows, but a proper spine ensures that an arrow flexes as needed out of the bow and then quickly straightens out and flies true. When selecting arrow spine remember that the bigger the number, the more flexible the arrow (so a 500 spine is more flexible than a 350 spine). Generally speaking, slower, lighter setups call for a more flexible spine. But if you’re in doubt, enter your specs into a spine selector chart and if possible, experiment with a couple different spines to see which shoots best from your bow. Remember, changing the arrow’s length, even slightly, affects spine as well.
USE HEAVY INSERTS
Many standard factory inserts weigh 15 to 20 grains. But there are a number of heavier aftermarket inserts and outserts available weighing 50+ grains, and switching to one can add extra weight to the front of your arrow, greatly increasing its front of center and penetration potential.
USE THE RIGHT BROADHEAD
Many bowhunters opt for 100-grain mechanical broadheads, and they work great when paired with the right setup. But if you’re shooting a lightweight bow, consider switching to a heavier, fixed-blade broadhead. Wasp Archery offers a number of great options that are razor sharp and weigh 125, 150 and even 200 grains. We recommend models like the Havalon HV 125, Sledgehammer, and Sharpshooter.
PAPER TUNE
Proper tuning lays the groundwork for a quiet and accurate bow, and is a critical step for all hunters. But a well-tuned arrow that flies straight penetrates better, too. Tuning can be a tedious process so if you’re unsure of how to go about it, take your bow to a good pro shop and let them assist you.
KEEP SHOTS CLOSE
One of the best ways to ensure your arrow and broadhead penetrate the heart-and-lung area is to keep the path to the vitals as easy as possible. Hunters who are using lightweight setups will have the best success in the long run by keeping their shot distances close and limiting themselves to broadside or quartering-away angles only. Select your ambush locations carefully, play the wind, stay hidden, and be patient. When you get your opportunity, take the shot with confidence, knowing your equipment is 100% up to the job.
— Story by Wasp Archery Staff; bow photo by John Hafner
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